This document provides guidance for performing an exposure assessment – for humans and the environment – based on environmental monitoring data. It covers topics such as environmental levels and distribution of contaminants, ways of using monitoring data in exposure assessments for differing purposes, the collection of data, quality of monitoring activities, as well as several examples of data compilation in member countries and their use in exposure assessment.
Source : http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2013)7&doclanguage=en
Ce programme constitue un cadre de référence accessible à partir du site Internet de l'ASSTSAS. Il offre un programme divisé en six catégorie et de nombreux outils qui peuvent être adaptés au contexte particulier et à la taille de chaque établissement. Le contenu de ce programme est basé sur l'expérience accumulée par l'ASSTSAS et sur les données probantes recueillies auprès d'organismes comparables et d'organismes publics, principalement en Amérique du Nord. Les principales publications consultées figurent dans la bibliographie.
Source : http://www.asstsas.qc.ca/dossiers-thematiques/risques-biologiques-infections/prevention-des-expositions-au-sang-anciennement-piqures-daiguille/programme-de-prevention-expositions-au-sang-chez-les-travailleurs-de-la-sante.html
Background: Biomonitoring data reported in the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals [NER; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012)] provide information on the presence and concentrations of > 400 chemicals in human blood and urine. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) and other risk assessment–based values now allow interpretation of these biomonitoring data in a public health risk context. Objectives: We compared the measured biomarker concentrations in the NER with BEs and similar risk assessment values to provide an across-chemical risk assessment perspective on the measured levels for approximately 130 analytes in the NER. Methods: We identified available risk assessment–based biomarker screening values, including BEs and Human Biomonitoring-I (HBM-I) values from the German Human Biomonitoring Commission. Geometric mean and 95th percentile population biomarker concentrations from the NER were compared to the available screening values to generate chemical-specific hazard quotients (HQs) or cancer risk estimates.
Conclusions: Most analytes in the NER show HQ values of < 1; however, some (including acrylamide, dioxin-like chemicals, benzene, xylene, several metals, di-2(ethylhexyl)phthalate, and some legacy organochlorine pesticides) approach or exceed HQ values of 1 or cancer risks of > 1 × 10–4 at the geometric mean or 95th percentile, suggesting exposure levels may exceed published human health benchmarks. This analysis provides for the first time a means for examining population biomonitoring data for multiple environmental chemicals in the context of the risk assessments for those chemicals. The results of these comparisons can be used to focus more detailed chemical-specific examination of the data and inform priorities for chemical risk management and research.
Source : Environ Health Perspect 121:287–294 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205740
The Pesticide Users Health Study (PUHS) was established so as to monitor the health of men and women who are certified to apply pesticides on a commercial basis under the 1986 Control of Pesticides Regulations. An analysis of deaths occurring between 1987 and 2005 among members of the PUHS is presented in this report. There were 1,628 deaths among 59,085 male and 3,875 female pesticide users during the follow-up period. Compared with the population of Great Britain, the pesticide users had lower than expected mortality from all causes, and in particular from all cancers combined, cancers of the digestive organs, cancers of the respiratory system, and non-malignant diseases of the nervous system and sense organs, and of the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. There was some evidence of excess deaths from multiple myeloma in men and women, and possibly also from testicular cancer. Deaths from all external causes (accidents and injuries) combined were lower than expected when compared with the general population. However in men, deaths from ‘injury by machinery’ were higher than expected. Continuing recruitment into the PUHS will enable HSE to monitor the health of these pesticide users as regulations and exposures change over time.
Source : http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr958.pdf
OSHA has issued a new booklet, "Firefighting Precautions at Facilities with Combustible Dust," to aid emergency responders who may face fires and explosions caused by combustible dust. The primary purpose of this document is to protect emergency responders from harm by giving them a framework for gathering the necessary information prior to an emergency and converting it into safe operating procedures. In this document, emergency responders include firefighters, fire
brigade members, hazardous materials teams, and others who might be called upon to respond when a fire or explosion occurs. This document is not intended to provide specific strategies or tactics to be used during emergency responses. It does, however, discuss some tactics that should be considered. The information
presented here and collected during pre-incident surveys should be used to train all emergency responders on how to properly handle incidents at facilities with combustible dusts
Source : http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_3644.pdf
L’INRS publie une nouvelle version de son guide de prévention à destination des professionnels chargés du traitement des déchets d’amiante. Ce document apporte des éléments d’aide à l’évaluation des risques et au choix des protections adaptées Il met à jour les aspects réglementaires suite à la refonte des règles de gestion des déchets d’amiante. Ce guide s’adresse aux gestionnaires et personnels des déchèteries et des installations d’élimination des déchets amiantés. Il rappelle :
•Les obligations des chefs d’entreprise en matière de prévention des risques liés à l’amiante fixées par le Code du travail, le code de l’environnement et la réglementation sur le transport des matières dangereuses (ADR).
•Les règles de gestion des déchets amiantés (emballage, conditionnement, transport, stockage – inertage, documents de traçabilité - BSDA)
•Les grandes catégories de déchets amiantés et les filières d’élimination correspondantes.
•L’évaluation des niveaux d’empoussièrement et la vérification du respect de la valeur limite d’exposition professionnelle (VLEP)
•Les mesures générales de prévention (organisation du travail, mesures de protection collective et individuelle, formation, hygiène)
•Les bonnes pratiques pour éviter les expositions lors de la manutention, le dépôt, la reprise et le regroupement des déchets.
•Le rôle du gardien lors de la réception des déchets
•La marche à suivre pour réceptionner, décharger et stocker les déchets d’amiante et pour gérer les situations accidentelles.
Source : http://www.inrs.fr/accueil/dms/inrs/CataloguePapier/ED/TI-ED-6028/ed6028.pdf
This NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin (1) reviews the animal and other toxicological data relevant to assessing the potential non-malignant adverse respiratory effects of CNT and CNF, (2) provides a quantitative risk assessment based on animal dose-response data, (3) proposes a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 1 μg/m3 elemental carbon as a respirable mass 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration, and (4) describes strategies for controlling workplace exposures and implementing a medical surveillance program. The NIOSH REL is expected to reduce the risk for pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
Source :
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-145/
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-145/pdfs/2013-145.pdf
Background: In order to make full use of the opportunities while responsibly managing the risks of working with manufactured nanomaterials (MNM), we need to gain insight into the potential level of exposure to MNM in the industry. Therefore, the goal of this study was to obtain an overview of the potential MNM exposure scenarios within relevant industrial sectors, applied exposure controls, and number of workers potentially exposed to MNM in Dutch industrial sectors producing and applying MNM-enabled end products in the Netherlands. Methods: A survey was conducted in three phases: (i) identification of MNM-enabled end products; (ii) identification of relevant industrial sectors; and (iii) a tiered telephone survey to estimate actual use of the products among 40 sector organizations/knowledge centres (Tier 1), 350 randomly selected companies (Tier 2), and 110 actively searched companies (Tier 3). Results: The most dominant industrial sectors producing or applying MNM-enabled end products (market penetration >5%) are shoe repair shops, automotive, construction, paint, metal, and textile cleaning industry. In the majority of the companies (76%), potential risks related to working with MNM are not a specific point of interest. The total number of workers potentially exposed to MNM during the production or application of MNM-enabled end products was estimated at approximately 3000 workers in the Netherlands. The results of this study will serve as a basis for in-depth exposure and health surveys that are currently planned in the Netherlands. In addition, the results can be used to identify the most relevant sectors for policy makers and future studies focussing on evaluating the risks of occupational exposure to MNM.
Source : Cindy Bekker, Derk H. Brouwer, Erik Tielemans, and Anjoeka Pronk. Ann Occup Hyg (2013) 57(3): 314-327 first published online October 23, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mes072
Un récent avis de l'Anses met en garde sur les risques potentiels liés au bisphénol A (BPA) pour les enfants à naître. L'exposition des femmes enceintes pourrait en effet induire des modifications de la structure de la glande mammaire du fœtus susceptibles de favoriser l'apparition de cancers du sein. L'alimentation constitue la principale source d'exposition mais les travaux ont également permis d'identifier des situations d'exposition professionnelle notamment lors de la manipulation des papiers thermiques (tickets de caisse, reçus de cartes bancaires…). L'INRS propose par ailleurs un « questions/réponses » qui présente les principales informations sur le BPA au travail : utilisations, risques, expositions, mesures de prévention…
Source : http://www.anses.fr/sites/default/files/documents/CHIM2009sa0331Ra-0.pdf
The Pesticide Users Health Study (PUHS) consists of pesticide users certified under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 (COPR). This report presents cancer incidence experienced by pesticide users in the PUHS, and compares this to the rates observed in the national population.
Altogether, there were 1,720 registered cancers among 62,960 pesticide users between 1987 and 2004. Men in the PUHS had reduced overall cancer incidence compared to the national population. In particular, incidence of cancer of the lip, oral cavity & pharynx, cancer of the digestive organs, cancer of the respiratory system, and cancer of the urinary system were significantly below the numbers expected. Incidence of cancer of the testis and multiple myeloma were elevated among men in the PUHS, and incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer was elevated among both males and females.
The Health & Safety Executive should continue to recruit and follow-up pesticide users in the PUHS in order to monitor their health. Information collected through future research could be used to enhance analysis of cancer incidence among members of the PUHS, and control for potential confounding factors.
Source : http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr956.pdf
The Pesticide Users Health Study is a cohort of nearly 66,000 commercial pesticide users, certified under the 1986 Control of Pesticide Regulations, who had agreed to participate in HSE’s programme of research into their health. A survey to assess the history of pesticide usage among members of this cohort, and to assess the level of self-reported ill health associated with pesticide exposure, was undertaken in two waves during 2004 and 2006. The response rate (14%) to the questionnaire was very low; this may be partly attributable to a general decrease in survey response rates and to the fact that the main wave of the survey was undertaken at a particularly busy time of year. Respondents listed nearly 2,500 unique trade names and 677 active ingredients. The most common areas of pesticide usage were amenity weed control and the treatment of cereals. Individuals who were often exposed to pesticide concentrate were four times more likely to report 'ill health' associated with pesticide use than those exposed to diluted products; additionally individuals who had used pesticides in jobs lasting more than 15 years were more likely to report 'ill health' than those working in jobs lasting less than 5 years.
Source : http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr957.pdf
In Ontario, asbestos remediation requires full-body protective coveralls, head coverings, and other personal protective equipment such as respirators, gloves, and boots. These types of protective clothing can put workers at increased risk of developing heat-related illnesses. The Insulators Labour-Management Health and Safety Committee, in partnership with IHSA, has developed a Health and Safety Advisory on this issue
Source : http://www.ihsa.ca/images/pfiles/532_W152.pdf
Vous vous demandez si un élément de structure contient ou pas des fibres d'amiante ? L'INSPQ met à votre disposition une base de données de fournisseurs et de produits utilisés au Québec. Celle-ci fait suite aux travaux menés par une équipe de l'Université de Montréal.
Source : http://www.inspq.qc.ca/dossiers/amiante/amiante_bd.asp
Inspirée d’une démarche d’hygiène du travail, cette deuxième édition du Guide de prévention pour une utilisation sécuritaire des isocyanates – Démarche d’hygiène du travail vient faciliter la prévention des maladies professionnelles en permettant entre autres d’identifier, d’évaluer, de maîtriser les facteurs de risque associés à l’exposition à ces substances toxiques qui entrent dans la composition de produits telle la peinture pour automobiles. S’appuyant sur les plus récents développements des connaissances, le guide traite de l’exposition par voies respiratoire et cutanée ainsi que d’autres risques pour la sécurité. Il décrit également différents moyens de prévention.
Source : http://www.irsst.qc.ca/media/documents/PubIRSST/RG-764.pdf
The European Commission has labelled the NANODEVICE project, co-ordinated by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), a success story. The project produced affordable measuring devices for determining the concentrations of nanoparticles in the air. The new NANOSOLUTIONS project is another potential success story, with its aim to create a completely new way of evaluating the health hazards of industrial nanoparticles
Source : http://www.ttl.fi/en/press/Pages/pressrelease15_2013.aspx
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