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Particules et poussières (RSS)
Objectives This paper aims to investigate the relation between occupational exposure to particles, particle size, and the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods The cohort included all manual workers identified from the Swedish National Census in 1980, who were alive as of 1 January 1987. First time events of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke during the period 1987–2005 were identified through linkage to the Hospital Discharge Register and the National Cause of Death Register. A job-exposure matrix for exposure to small (1 µm) particles was developed and applied. Hazard...
Throughout the mining and processing of minerals, the mined ore undergoes a number of crushing, grinding, cleaning, drying, and product sizing operations as it is processed into a marketable commodity. These operations are highly mechanized, and both individually and collectively these processes can generate large amounts of dust. If control technologies are inadequate, hazardous levels of respirable dust may be liberated into the work environment, potentially exposing workers. Accordingly, federal regulations are in place to limit the respirable dust exposure of mine workers. Engineering controls...
The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the potential for inadvertent exposure of the public to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) from construction activities. The study assessed the respirable dust (RD) from, demolition, block cutting, road building, general construction activities and city centre air from 13 visits to 7 sites. In total, 48 samples from the construction activities and 11 city centre air samples, for comparison, were collected. The results obtained for RD and RCS were generally very low. Only 10 % of results (from two sites) for RCS were above 0.01 mg.m-3, which is 10 ...
"Depuis deux ans, la Commission européenne tente d'accorder une dérogation qui permettrait, sans aucune limite de temps définie, à certaines entreprises de continuer à importer de l'amiante dans l'Union européenne (UE). La prolongation de cette dérogation consiste en une remise en cause de l'accord politique de 1999 sur l'interdiction de l'amiante en Europe." Vogel, Laurent. Bruxelles : HESA Newsletter, 2009, n° 35 , 19-21 Source : http://www.labourline.org/GEIDEFile/NWL_35_FR_p19.PDF?Archive=101442492962&File...
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers asbestos to be a potential occupational carcinogen and recommends that exposures be reduced to the lowest feasible concentration. As the federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of worker injury and illness, NIOSH has undertaken a reappraisal of how to ensure optimal protection of workers from exposure to asbestos fibers and other EMPs. As a first step in this effort, NIOSH convened an internal work group to develop a framework for future scientific research and policy...
International Best Practice Measures to Prevent and/or Minimise Emissions of Particulate Matter from Coal Mining The objectives of the study were to: - Review international best practice measures to prevent and/or minimise particle emissions from all activities associated with NSW coal mines, including land rehabilitation. - Compare international best practice measures to prevent and/or minimise particle emissions with those currently used at NSW coal mines. - Make recommendations regarding the adoption of international best practice measures that could be practicably implemented in NSW at existing...
This study investigated whether changing the ingredients of bakery improvers would decrease their dustiness and, consequently, help to reduce the exposure of bakers to allergens in the bakery dust. The study was carried out in partnership with the Association of Bakery Ingredient Manufacturers (ABIM). Typical ingredients in bakery improvers are wheat flour, fungal alpha amylase, soya flour, calcium sulphate, vegetable oil and emulsifier. Emulsifier is made from data ester (E472e) with a ‘free flow agent', usually calcium silicate in the UK, to prevent sticking in bakery equipment. The...
Is It an Important Contributory Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in Firefighters? Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the primary cause of death among US firefighters during fire suppression. In other populations, exposure to respirable particles, including ultrafine particles, has been widely implicated as a risk factor for CHD. This study is the first to report detailed characterization of respirable particles released by combustion of an automobile and model residential structures under firefighter exposure conditions. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 2010, vol. 52, n° 8...
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for employees in the grain and animal feed industries At the request of the Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, the Health Council of the Netherlands sets health-based recommended occupational exposure limits (HB-ROEL) for existing substances in the air in the workplace. These recommendations are prepared by the Council's Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety (DECOS). In this report, the committee discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to grain dust and recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit. The...
Recensement et analyse La mise en oeuvre de poudres ou de produits pulvérulents combustibles peut entraîner, dans certaines conditions, la formation d'atmosphères explosives (ATEX). Cent quatre-vingt-dix explosions de poussières, survenues sur la période de 1903 à janvier 2010, ont été répertoriées dans la base de données ARIA du BARPI. Cette étude a porté sur les secteurs d'activité pour lesquels des explosions ont été recensées. Il s'agit des secteurs du bois, des...
In 1995 in a major NIOSH review and report of recommendations, entitled Criteria for a Recommended Standard – Occupational Exposure to Respirable Coal Mine Dust. This Current Intelligence Bulletin updates the information on coal mine dust exposures and associated health effects from 1995 to the present. In part, the intent is to determine whether the 1995 recommendations, in this respect, remain valid, and to what extent, if any, modifications or additions are needed to those recommendations. The report does not deal with, nor discuss, issues of sampling and analytical feasibility nor technical...
Vers un repérage des situations potentiellement à risque L'Afsset publie ce jour les résultats d'une expertise collective sur les risques pour la santé des travailleurs liés aux composites de carbone associés à la fabrication et l'usinage des fibres de carbone et des matériaux composites. Cette technologie est en expansion et est déjà utilisée dans le secteur de l'aéronautique mais aussi dans celui des sports et des loisirs, du génie civil, de l'automobile, de la construction navale, de...
The workings of a bituminous coal mine produce explosive coal dust for which adding rock dust can reduce the potential for explosions. Accordingly, guidelines have been established by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) about the relative proportion of rock dust that must be present in a mine´s intake and return airways. Current MSHA regulations require that intake airways contain at least 65% incombustible content and return airways contain at least 80% incombustible content. The higher limit for return airways was set in large part because finer coal dust tends to collect in...
Introduction of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into traditional surface coatings (e.g., paints, lacquers, fillers) may result in new exposures to both workers and consumers and possibly also a new risk to their health. During finishing and renovation, such products may also be a substantial source of exposure to ENPs or aggregates thereof. This study investigates the particle size distributions (5.6 nm–19.8 μm) and the total number of dust particles generated during sanding of ENP-doped paints, lacquers, and fillers as compared to their conventional counterparts. In all...
In this study, we present how an indoor aerosol model can be used to characterize particle emitter and predict influence of the source on indoor air quality. Particle size-resolved emission rates were quantified and the source's influence on indoor air quality was estimated by using office model simulations. We measured particle emissions from three modern laser printers in a flow-through chamber. Measured parameters were used as input parameters for an indoor aerosol model, which we then used to quantify the particle emission rates. The same indoor aerosol model was used to simulate the effect...
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