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Objectives Nickel compounds, inclusive of water-soluble salts, have been classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Nickel producers have disputed the classification of soluble nickel compounds for three decades with reference to an alleged absence of excess respiratory cancer among Canadian nickel-exposed electrolysis workers. We evaluated historical data from two electrolytic refineries in Ontario, both included in prominent Canadian reports on occupational nickel-related cancer. Methods For Port Colborne nickel refinery (PCNR) and Copper Cliff...
Erionite in Road Gravel Associated With Interstitial and Pleural Changes—An Occupational Hazard in Western United States was published in the August 2011 edition of the Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine. The article provides the results of a study to determine the rate of chest radiographic abnormalities among residents of North Dakota potentially exposed to road gravel containing the fibrous mineral erionite. The study found that interstitial, pleural, or both changes typically associated with asbestos exposure were observed in seven (21 per cent) individuals. The primary...
L'exposition aéroportée aux poissons d'eau de mer, crustacés ou mollusques en milieu de travail peut entraîner une rhinite ou un asthme professionnels. Sont principalement concernés les professionnels du secteur de la pêche et de l'industrie agroalimentaire conditionnant, préparant et transformant ces denrées, mais aussi les ouvriers de l'aquaculture en mer et la conchyliculture, les employés du commerce alimentaire (poissonneries, grande distribution), les métiers de la restauration (cuisiniers, traiteurs...) voire...
Workers exposed to particles, fumes, mists, or solutions from beryllium-containing materials may develop beryllium sensitization or chronic beryllium disease, a potentially disabling or even fatal respiratory disease. Source : http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-107/
Évaluation de l'exposition aux bioaérosols et effets sur la santé respiratoire et cutanée Certains problèmes respiratoires sont observés chez les machinistes travaillants avec des fluides de coupe soluble (FC). Ces problèmes pourraient êtres reliés aux aérosols contenant des microorganismes présents dans les systèmes de FC. Pour mieux comprendre les effets de ces aérosols sur la santé humaine, l'environnement de travail doit être caractérisé. Nous avons détaillé...
Lung cancer is the foremost cause of death from cancer in the United States, leading to nearly 160,000 deaths in 2006 (USCS). Annually, nearly 200,000 people have a new diagnosis of lung cancer (See related blog on new Surgeon General Report). Efforts to develop methods to detect the cancer early enough to improve survival of the diagnosed persons have been largely unsuccessful. A recent study of a relatively new form of screening using helical computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated fewer lung cancer deaths among individuals at high risk of lung cancer who received this screening than among...
Les affections respiratoires professionnelles dues aux produits phytosanitaires, si on exclut les symptômes respiratoires entrant dans le cadre d'intoxications systémiques, sont peu étudiées et leur fréquence est inconnue. Elles ont été signalées avec certains fongicides (chlorothalonil, captafol, dérivés de l'éthylènebisdithiocarbamate...), certains herbicides (bipyridilés, chlorphénoxy) et insecticides (organophosphorés, carbamates anticholinestérasiques et pyréthrinoïdes...
ILO, UNAIDS, and WHO, given their complementary mandates and long-standing collaboration on occupational health, HIV and TB, are working together to find common solutions to HIV and TB challenges for health workers. The health sector is responsible for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of illness and can contribute to reducing stigma and discrimination in the context of health services. Countries must protect the health and rights of their health workers by optimizing their working conditions. By protecting health workers, countries would ensure that those providing health services...
Les ministères en charge de l’environnement, de la santé et du travail ont saisi l’Afsset en décembre 2007 pour réaliser une étude relative aux affleurements naturels d’amiante en France. La France comporte en effet de nombreux affleurements naturels d’amiante, les plus importants se situant en Haute-Corse et en Nouvelle-Calédonie, mais également dans certaines régions de la France continentale. La demande des ministères porte sur l’analyse critique de la littérature en matière d’épidémiologie...
Les travailleurs de la santé sont aux avant-postes de la fourniture de services de prévention, de traitement et de soins pour les personnes qui vivent avec le VIH et la tuberculose (TB) dans le monde entier. Ils risquent d'être exposés au VIH et à la TB dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles, mais souvent, ils n'ont pas eux-mêmes un accès adéquat à une protection et à un traitement. Pour combler cette lacune, de nouvelles directives internationales sont publiées aujourd'hui par l'Organisation...
There is uncertainty in Great Britain (GB) about what constitutes appropriate health surveillance for silica-exposed workers, despite evidence that new cases of silicosis are occurring. The main objectives of this report are: 1) To identify existing recommendations for health surveillance for silica-exposed workers. 2) To assess the evidence base for these recommendations and other relevant evidence in the scientific literature. 3) To make recommendations for a standard. Source : http://news.hse.gov.uk/2010/11/15/rr827-health-surveillance-in-silica-exposed-workers/
The study has a number of key limitations, one being a lack of data on the subjects' actual exposure to diesel exhaust. Moreover, case-control studies can offer only limited evidence of an association between two variables (in this case, diesel-exhaust exposure and lung cancer risk). And they cannot establish the extent to which diesel exhaust might affect any one worker's absolute risk of developing lung cancer. Studies that follow a population of initially healthy people over time offer stronger evidence of whether a particular exposure is related to a disease risk. Straif noted that...
The HHE Program evaluated immigration and customs enforcement agents' potential for transmission of tuberculosis (TB). Investigators found that most employees had direct contact with detainees every day and participated in job activities that place them at risk of acquiring TB infection. Investigators recommended that ventilation systems in detainee areas be changed to either a single-pass or a high-efficiency particulate air-filtered system and that ventilation systems be rebalanced to increase the amount and direction of air flow in detainee areas. Investigators also recommended annual TB...
The HHE Program evaluated employees' exposures in a peanut-grading operation. Investigators found endotoxin in air conditioner filter dust, peanut grading room air, and outdoor air. Peanut grading machines were found to be releasing dust indoors. Investigators recommended that peanut grading room dust be vented outdoors and that air conditioner filters be changed routinely. It was also recommended that employees be provided with NIOSH-approved N95 respirators and participate in a respiratory protection program. Source : http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2008-0052-3115.pdf
Rapport d'orientation de la Commission d'audition, avril 2010 La Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) a publié le rapport d'orientation de la Commission d'audition sur le suivi post-professionnel après exposition à l'amiante, reprenant également les recommandations. Le texte est reproduit ici dans son intégralité. Au programme de ce rapport : - préambule, - pathologies pleuro-pulmonaires liées à l'amiante, - outils de repérage des expositions professionnelles et dispositif de suivi post-professionnel...
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